Erythema Multiforme

Erythema Multiforme exact etiology remains a mystery. However, it does appear to be linked with herpes simplex or mycoplasma (bacterial) infections. The disorder can occur once, or multiple times, but usually affects children and young adults.

Symptoms

The rash is usually preceded by an outbreak of cold sores (herpes simplex). This is then followed by the appearance of symmetrically distributed, itchy pink/red blotches. The rash usually starts at the extremities (hands, palms, soles and feet) and moves inward to the larger portions of the body (arms, legs and upper body). The lesions take on the appearance of a “bull’s eye”, “iris” or “target” – and the central portion of the lesion can include a blister of various sizes.

Onset of the skin condition is usually very rapid, and may last from two to four weeks. The condition can manifest itself into a more serious and sometimes life-threatening form known as Erythema Multiform Major that often spreads to the mucous membranes (lips and mouth lining). However, the milder form is much more common.

Other symptoms can include fever, joint aches, eye pain, burning, itching or discharge.

Causes

The exact cause of this skin condition is not known. But most medical experts agree that the skin condition is related to:

• - Herpes Simplex
• - Bacterial Infections (Mycoplasma)
• - Fungal Diseases
• - Drug Reactions to sulfa drugs, barbiturates and penicillin

Severe cases can take on the appearance and symptoms associated with Stevens Johnson Syndrome and may be related to it. For this reason, doctors may monitor the condition closely until a positive diagnosis can be made.

Although treatment options are somewhat limited, people who suffer from multiple annual reoccurrences may benefit by using an antiviral drug (i.e. Acyclovir) at the first sign of an outbreak.

For mild Erythema Multiforme outbreaks, oral antihistamines and corticosteroids may help to relieve some of the itching and inflammation. For mouth blisters, a topical anesthetic can be applied to help reduce the pain. In most cases, the condition will resolve itself in two to four weeks.

In severe cases, hospitalization may be required. Antibiotics can be used to help control secondary infections.

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